TECHNOECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES ON RIVER ECOSYSTEMS

Abstract

The article analyzes the techno-ecological factors of industrial enterprises’ impact—particularly plants, factories, and thermal power stations—on the ecological state of river and other surface ecosystems. It has been established that the risks of water environment pollution caused by industrial activities encompass a wide range of ecological and socio-economic consequences.The main sources of pollution have been identified, among which industrial effluents saturated with heavy metals, synthetic surfactants, and other substances occupy a leading place. Special attention is given to the specific impact of thermal power plants, which, in addition to chemical loads, cause thermal pollution by altering the temperature regime of water bodies and disrupting hydrobiological balance. The methodological basis of the study relies on the basin approach for assessing spatio-temporal changes in water quality. The obtained results confirm the necessity of implementing modern wastewater treatment technologies, closed-loop water supply systems, and automated monitoring, as well as strengthening control over compliance with environmental standards. Long-term chemical and physical loads reduce the self-purification capacity of aquatic ecosystems, increase the risk of eutrophication, and lead to the degradation of benthic biocenoses. Collectively, these factors may result in irreversible changes in the structure and functioning of river ecosystems, which requires timely detection, monitoring, and the introduction of preventive measures. Recommendations are proposed for integrating the techno-ecological approach into water resource management, which will contribute to reducing the negative impact of industrial facilities and ensuring the ecological safety of river ecosystems in the long term.