REPLANT DISEASE AND THE PRACTICES TO REDUCE IT IN THE APPLE-TREE ORCHARDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2021-2-69-72Keywords:
apple-tree, replant disease, toxins, green manure, seed germination, length of spring wheat sprouts, biological activityAbstract
The regulation of the formation processes of the soil properties, and in turn, the productivity of the plantations has certain peculiar aspects and some complications in the fruit orchards which represent monoculture. A continuous maintenance of the orchards causes replant disease which has a serious effect on young plantations. When old plantations are removed from the soils, it is required to carry out certain practices aimed at improving their fertility and decreasing replant disease.In 2018 a laboratory-field trial aimed at studying replant disease was carried out in the experimental apple-tree orchard of Uman NAU and in the educational-scientific research laboratory specializing in the optimization of soil fertility in fruit-berry plantations.The research was focused on the soil after the uprooting the trees in the fall of 2016. In spring of 2018 mustard plants and marigold were sown, later green mass was plowed down, organic fertilizer was applied at rate 40 t/ha; the soil was changed for the one where the orchard was not grown (from the field).The research results of the effect of a continuous maintenance of the apple-tree plantations on the accumulation of toxins in the soil as well as the practices to control replant disease were considered. It was established that the cultivation of green manure and the application of manure (at rate of 40t/ha) facilitated the improvement of the biological activity of the soil micro-flora and reduced the toxic effect of the intensive use of chemical substances in the orchard and that of replant disease.
References
Седов Е.Н. Экологизация в садах яблони и груши. Аграрная наука. 2005. №9. С.18-20.
Yao, S., Merwin, I.A., Abawi, G.S. & Thies, J.E. Soil fumigation and compost amendment alter soil microbial community composition but do not improve tree growth or yield in an apple replant site. Soil Biol. Biochem., 38. 2006. 587-599.
Яковенко Р.В. Ґрунтовтома в насадженнях яблуні. Матеріали міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Актуальні питання сучасної аграрної науки». Умань, 2015. С. 129.
Гродзинский А.М., Богдан Г.П., Головко Э.А. и др. Аллелопатическое почвоутомление К.: Наук. думка. 1979. 248 с.
Мельник О.В. Яковенко Р.В. Альтернатива хімічній дезінфекції ґрунту. Новини садівництва. №2. 2017. С. 13- 15.
Henfrey J., Baab G. Specific replant disease in apple. EFM. 2013. № 3. Р. 18 21.
Wiedmer R., Thalheimer M. Replant disease in South Tyrolean fruit growing. EFM. 2013. N 4. Р. 15-16.
Wiedmer R., Thalheimer M. Replant disease in South Tyrolean fruit growing. EFM. 2013. N 4. Р. 15-16.
Мороз, П.А. Аллелопатия в плодовых садах. Киев: Наукова думка, 1990. 207 с.
Szczygieł, A., Zepp, A.L. An occurrence and importance of apple replant disease in Polish orchard. Acta Hort. 477. 1998. 99 – 101.
Валерко Р.А. Особливості біотестування антропогенно забруднених ґрунтів з метою їх екотоксичної оцінки. Вісник ХНАУ № 2. 2013. С. 262-266.
Акулов П.Г., Доценко А.С., Лукин С.В. Методические обеспечение агроэкологического мониторинга для контроля блок-компонента почва. Химия в сельском хо- зяйстве. № 1. 1995. С. 23–25.