VITAMINS CONTENT IN THE GRAIN OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER VARIOUS FERTILIZERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2019-2-3-6Keywords:
winter wheat, variety, vitamin content, fertilizers, integral scoreAbstract
The results of comparative estimation of the vitamins content in the grain of winter wheat under various fertilizers are presented in the article. It was found that the vitamins content in the grain of winter wheat varied depending on the fertilizer. The content of vitamin B7 in the grain was the lowest and the content of vitamin B4 was the highest compared to other vitamins.Application of nitrogen fertilizers influenced the content of vitamins the most. Thus, the content of vitamin B6 significantly increased by 1,2 times, and carotene – by 2 times under the single application of 120 kg/ha of reactant of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P60K60. The content of vitamin E increased by 55%, vitamin B2 – by 38 %, and the content of the rest vitamins – by 13–25 %.Individual application of nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat had no advantages over single application. The content of water- soluble vitamins of B group under the application of nitrogen fertilizers increased because nitrogen is a component of the molecule of each vitamin. A similar tendency was found for the grain of Artemisia, winter wheat variety.The integral score of the vitamins increased under the improvement of nitrogen nutrition. Thus, it was found according to the studies that 100 g of the grain of winter wheat of Tronka variety satisfied the biological need of an adult with vitamin B1 and B3 the most – by 32–40 % and carotene – the least, by 0,2–0,4 % depending on the variant of the experiment. The integral score for vitamins B4, B6 and B5 increased respectively from 16–18 % to 17–37 %, and from 7–13 to 9–21 % for the rest of the vitamins.The use of only phosphorous and potassium fertilizers and individual application of nitrogen fertilizers had no advantages compared to single nutrition (Background + N120).The integral score of the vitamins of 100 g of grain of winter wheat of Artemisia variety almost did not exceed this indicator in Tronka variety. The highest daily requirement was provided by 100 g of grain with vitamins B1, B3 and B6 – by 19–40 % depending on the variant of the experiment. Carotene was provided the least need for this – by 0,2–0,4 %. The integral score of the remaining vitamins varied from 7 to 24 % depending on the type, doses and terms of application of the mineral fertilizers.Therefore, application of nitrogen fertilizers influenced the content of vitamins the most. It was found that the grain of Artemisia variety had the higher biological value compared to Tronka variety, especially in the areas with nitrogen fertilizers.It was known that 100 g of grain of winter wheat satisfied the biological need of an adult with B1 and B3 vitamins the most – by 32–40 % and the least with carotene - by 0,2–0,4 %. The integral score for B4, B6 and B5 vitamins increased from 16–18 to 17–37 %, and for the rest of the vitamins – from 7–13 to 9–21 % depending on the fertilizer variant. Application of only phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers individually had no advantages over single nutrition (Background + N120).
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