EFFECTIVENESS OF PATISON (CUCURBITA PEPO VAR. MELOPEPO L.) FOR DIFFERENT TERMS OF CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST STEP

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of different dates of seeding of patison seeds on biometric indices and yield of plants. In the work, it is scientifically proved the possibility of planting patison in earlier periods, which contributes to better use of moisture by seeds, both for its germination, and for the passage of phases of growth and development of the plant. With the increase of the temperature conditions of air and soil for sowing in the I - III decades of may and the decrease of moisture in the soil, there is a decrease in the biometric parameters of patison plants and their yields.According to the results of the research, the influence of the seeds sowing date on the yield of patison plants was established.The length of the stem was marked by the planting of patisson, sown for the sowing period of the third decade of April - 76.4 cm, in control the figure was 68.3 cm, which is 8.1 cm less.The thickness of the stem in the studied variants was within the range of 25.4 - 32.0 mm, but the largest one was in plants sown during the sowing season of the third decade of april, which is more than the control variant of 1.0 mm. The highest this indicator was in plants sown for the sowing period of the third decade of april - 25.4 pcs./the plant, which is 3.6 pcs./the plant more than control. The area of leaves was highest for the sowing period of the III decade of april - 10.4 thousand m2/ ha, which is 0.6 thousand m2 / ha more than control. The smallest area of leaves formed plants sown for the sowing period of the III decade of May, 7.5 thousand m2 / ha, which is less than the control variant of 2.3 thousand m2 / ha.The largest yield was characterized by 2018, the lowest yield was obtained in 2016, which can be explained by different weather conditions that developed during the years of research. On average, over the years of research, a significantly higher yield was obtained for the sowing period of the III decade of april - 51.4 t / ha, where the increase to control was 11.0 t / ha. Other investigated variants were characterized by lower yields compared to control. Thus, in the version for the sowing period of the 2nd decade of may, the yield was 34.1 t / ha, which is 6.3 t / ha less than control. For the sowing season of the third decade of may, the yield was 12.9 t / ha less than control. According to the researches, the largest number of fruits was formed by patison plants for the sowing period of the III decade of april - 17.4 pcs./ plant, which is more than the control variant for 2.9 pc. / plant. The duration of sowing of patison influenced the weight of the fruit and its diameter.Larger weight of the fruit was received for the sowing period of the III decade of april - 290 g, which is more than control at 30 g. The diameter of the fetus was higher at earlier periods of sowing: the III decade of April - 14.7 cm, and the first decade of May (control) - 14.5 cm.