PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR FILBERT AGAINST PETS AND DECEASES

Abstract

The results of evaluation of diseases and pests development intensity on filbert are given on the article.The experience of the filbert cultivating on the conditions of Ukraine made it clear that the plants can be affected by a wide range of pests and diseases. They colonize leaves, fruits, trunks and roots, weaken the plant, detain its' growth and development and cause crop losses and decreases of the filbert nuts quality. That is why, it is necessary to pay special attention to the systems of protection against the complex of pests and diseases, which may have their specificity caused by particularities of plantation microclimate. Moreover, the protection of filbert against the harmful organisms is to be based on the characteristics of the plant as well as on the biological and ecological features of the phytophages trophically related to the plant.It is established that the variant with use of spring treatment with fungicide "Topsin-M 500" in counting 2.0 l./ha. was the most successful against common diseases that affect filbert plants.The productivity of filbert plantations depends substantially on the complex of phytophages (pests and pathogens of the diseases) that feed on vegetative and generative organs of the plant. 25 species of phytophages characteristic for this plant were found in the filbert plantations (over the vegetative and generative organs directly, on the soil and weeds). They were polyphages and oligophages predominantly.Nut weevil (Curculio nucum L.) damages the filbert plantations and decreases the filbert nuts quality most of all. Its' harmfulness appears three times during the vegetative period: when it feeds on buds, leaves and fruits of various plants before filbert's ovules come to develop; under the additional feeding of bugs on the filbert plants; when larva develops and damages nuts inside.Overview of data about natural enemies of the filbert pests, forestry and agrotechnical measures proves that reduction of nut loss can be provided by well-timed application of chemical insecticides mainly.The treatment of the filbert plants against the nut weevil was the most effective within the first ted-days period of June, when the beginning of additional feeding of bugs.Damageability of fruits by the nut weevil was different for certain filbert cultivars and depended on nut development terms.The fruits of precocious filbert cultivars ('Futkurami', 'Trapezund', 'Sofiyivskui-2') were damaged under the additional feeding of bugs most. The application of insecticides provided high output of undamaged nuts of all the filbert cultivars under research.As a result of the evaluation of diseases development intensity, the researched filbert cultivars were classified for their resistance level as relatively immune and low affected plants.