THE ATTAINMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF A VARIETY OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT STALEVA

Abstract

The article presents the results o f research o f morphobiological features, properties and valuable agronomic and economic attainments o f a new highly productive variety o f soft winter wheat Staleva. This variety was registered in the State register o f plant varieties suitable for spreading in Ukraine since 2015. The research showed the decisive differences o f this variety from other genotypes concerning morphobiological features. This variety is short-stemmed, plant height is 75-85 cm, stem is thick, tough, resistant to plant lodging and germination o f seeds sprinkled on the stump. This allows using higher doses o f fertilizers under intensive agricultural technologies. Plants are able to withstand 10-ton harvest without lodging and using retardants. An early ripening vegetation period is made up o f 265-275 days. Staleva has a dual nature of development. It can be attributed to dual nature varieties, short vernalization period is about 20 days. A key achievement and its advantage is early earing, lengthening the period o f formation and ripening o f grain. Staleva is characterized by good winter hardiness with critical temperature o f freezing o f plants being 16 °C. According to this feature, the variety belongs to the above average winter hardiness group. It is suitable for growing in all agro-climatic zones o f Ukraine. Plants also have a high resistance to air drought and soil drought giving the advantage under deficit o f moisture in the soil. According to bush habit, plants are half line, the benefits o f which are in vertical location o f leaves at an acute angle to the stem.Upper leaves do not shade lower ones, thus more sunlight penetrates to lower leaves. This enables plants to absorb solar radiation effectively, promotes photosynthesis (especially the lower leaves), which provides energy processes o f growth and development, increases the accumulation o f biomass and increases productivity.This variety successfully combines high natural potential o f productivity with extensive ecological plasticity and good adaptiveness. The reason for this is the use o f a well-known gene pool (Myronivska 808, Bezosta 1, Shestopalivka, Odeska83) for crossing. High harvesting capacity is achieved by better conservation o f plants in the course o f hibernation and spring­ summer period, long-term work o f photosynthetic apparatus. All these factors have a favorable effect on grain formation.Staleva is a leader in terms o f harvesting capacity in a steppe zone. In the course o f three years o f research it surpassed the standard variety Podolianka in 0,62, and Smuglianka in 0,57 tons per hectare,. In six soil-clim atic subzones out o f eight it ranked first places, having surpassed national standards from 0,87 to 2,98 tons per hectare. The harvesting capacity in forest-steppe zone was at the level o f standards, but in subzones o f Vinnytsia, the center o f expertise, and in the Mankivka sorting yard, it formed rather high and even record-breaking harvests. In the course o f three years harvesting capacity formed 9,28 in the first instance and 7,44 tons per hectare in the latter case. Natural potential o f productivity is implemented in a great measure by creation o f high agricultural background o f mineral nutrition while distributing subsequent to better predecessors and sowing at the end o f optimal term. Having such valuable agrobiological and economic properties, the variety has convincing perspectives for spread in many regions o f the country.