THE INFLUENCE OF POLY-FUNCTIONAL BIOPREPARATIONS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE AND LEGUMES PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

A large prospect o f developing o f the ecologically safe agrotechnology o f legumes cultivation without application o f the mineral fertilizers and chemical preparations for plants/crop protection from phytopathogens in article is shown.Using poly-functional biological preparations including o f heterotrophic and phototrophic microorganisms with the symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing, phosphate mobilizing, growth-promoting, antagonistic activities, is worthy alternative to the aggressive chemical treatment o f soil and plants. Development o f the elements o f ecologically safe agricultural biotechnology, that can reduce o f energetic and economic looses due to the crop pathogens and diseases, chemical fertilizer consumption, risk o f the environmental pollution and destruction o f the natural ecosystems, was the purpose o f the research.The article is devoted to the three-year investigation o f microbial processes in the soil rhizosphere and productivity o f plants under the conditions o f use bacterization o f poly-functional microbial preparations in the cultivation o f legumes in the steppe zone o f Crimea.It is established that the orientation o f these processes depend on the phase o f development, species o f the legumes plants, as well as from the introduction o f poly-functional microbial inoculates. The possibility o f intensification o f microbiological processes in the rhizosphere o f southern chernozem at different stages o f ontogenesis soybeans, pea, peavine and lentil under the conditions o f use poly-functional preparations on the basis o f heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms it is shown.Revealed, that the synthesis o f organic substances in the rhizosphere o f soybean and pea was to the end o f the growing season (ratio o f mineralization = 0,4-0,8), the decomposition o f organic matter in the rhizosphere o f peavine and lentils was before the end o f the growing season (ratio o f mineralization > 1,0).It is revealed that the application o f cyanobacterial consortium influenced on the index o f oliogotrophic and contributed to the enrichment o f the rhizosphere on organic substance. Activation o f microbiological transformation o f organic substance in the rhizosphere soil was in the phase o f the blossom and bobs breeding o f soybeans, to the end o f the pea vegetation, at the beginning o f vegetation and in bobs breeding phases o f the peavine and lentil. The intensity o f this process was different in variants with bacterization.Treatment o f poly-functional microbial preparations improved the seed yield o f legumes by 0,14-0,80 t/ha (14,7-56,3%) and crude protein yield o f 2,5-4,8% compared with bacterization o f Rhizobofit.Study in 2014 was financially supported by RFFI and the Republic o f Crimea within the framework o f scientific project 14-44-01621 «r_ug_a».