INFECTION OF DIFFERENT SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS WITH DIFFERENT RESISTANCE TO THE PARASITE BY BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2310-0478-2024-2-44-49Keywords:
Orobanche сumana, race, sunflower, parasite, hybrid, root system, infection, sunflower, cell, cell wall, resistanceAbstract
The process of infection of different sunflower hybrids with different resistance to the parasite by Orobanche сumana was studied to evaluate the cellular mechanisms of resistance. When infected with broomrape, the resistance reaction of sunflower hybrids did not occur at the early stages of the parasite life cycle: before attachment, after germination and attachment to roots (before the formation of haustoria) and after the formation of haustoria. The results obtained indicate that all sunflower hybrids were affected by the pathogen. However, the degree of infection with sunflower broomrape was different and depended on the unequal resistance of the hybrids. There were no sunflower hybrids with complete immunity to Orobanche cumana. All sunflower hybrids under study had different post-gaustorial resistance to the parasite, when some of the broomrape haustoria died after a hypersensitive reaction, and some of them established effective vascular connections with the host and further developed into buds, which later turned into flower-bearing stems that brought inflorescences to the soil surface. The study of broomrape infection of different sunflower hybrids with different resistance to the parasite in the early stages of infection indicates the possibility of using this approach in sunflower breeding to study plant resistance to the pathogen and observe the early stages of interaction between the parasitic plant and its host from the induction of seed germination to the tubercle stage and evaluate hybrids and breeding material. The process of infection of cells and the emergence of reverse immune responses in plants when infected with pathogens has similar features and a similar course of defense reactions. The stages of sunflower broomrape infection are very precise and adjusted in time. As a rule, the penetration of broomrape with pregaustorial resistance stops in the sunflower root cortex for 7–10 days and is associated with darkening of the parasite seedlings and their gradual death. With post-gaustorial resistance, the pathogen's movement is inhibited in the endodermis or after reaching the central cylinder on day 15–20 and causes necrosis of the tubercles, which prevents the establishment of effective vascular connections with the host.
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