AGROBIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF GRAPEVINE DEPEND ON THE PARAMETERS OF PLANTING DENSITY

Abstract

The study of agrobiological peculiarities of wine grape cultivars of new hybrid selection depending different density parameters of trellis-row plantation in the environment of the Black Sea Lowland was carried out. During 2021–2023, the field two-way experiment 2×2, was applied to study the effect of two planting density variants (2,222 vines/ha; 4,000 vines/ha) on the levels of shoot load, weight and quality of the crop yield of two different grape cultivars 'Aromatnyi' and 'Zahrei' (Vitis vinifera L.). The research was conducted using the field method, as well as observation, experiment, and statistical data processing. It was established that in the growing seasons of 2021–2023, an increase in planting density to 4,000 vines/ha, compared to 2,222 vines/ha, reduces the shoot load per vine by 19.4–29.5%, and the crop yield per vine by 28.6–29.9%, independent of the cultivar. But, per unit area of the land under the plantations of the 'Aromatnyi' cultivar, the load rate increases by 45.0%, and the 'Zahrei' cultivar – by 27.4%. The vineyard yields are also increasing by 26.8–32.5%, to 10.2 t/ha of 'Aromatnyi' cultivar and 18.8 t/ha of 'Zahrei' cultivar in a non-irrigated culture. During the harvesting period, the mass concentration of sugars in the juice average 157.7 and 169.3 g/dm3 of the 'Aromatnyi' and 'Zahrei' cultivars in variants with a planting density of 2,222 vines/ha. Increasing the density of plantings increases the mass concentration of sugars in the juice by an average of 7.1–29.8% or 12.0–47.0 g/dm3, respectively. The biological productivity of the 'Aromatnyi' cultivar is average, with a yield of 141–145 g/shoot on average, and the 'Zahrei' cultivar is very high, with a yield of 248–253 g/shoot, independent of planting density. The agrobiological basis of yield formation of cultivated grape plants Vitis vinifera L. is the level of shoot load per unit area under plantations and shoot productivity. Cultivation of grapevines in the environment of the Black Sea Lowland with an increase in the density of trellis-row plantings to 4,000 vines/ha can be considered as a factor in increasing the levels of shoot load and yield, especially for varieties of very high shoot productivity.