MICROCLIMATE IN THE APPLE TREE ORCHARDS UNDER A HAIL-PROTECTIVE NET AT DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-105-109Keywords:
apple-tree, anti-hail net, soil management, air temperature, relative humidity, soil moistureAbstract
The article highlights the effect of the black anti-hail net on the microclimate of intensive apple orchards, cv. Jonagold (Wilmuta), on dwarf rootstock M.9 T337. The soil management system in the inter-rows was the following: a grass mowed stripe and black fallow in the inter-rows, spring mulching with a two-layer agro-cloth of 30 + 50 g / m2 density (a white side up) and a light-reflective film in the tree-strips one meter wide spread one month before harvesting. After flowering, a black anti-hail net with 0.3 x 0.3 cm cells and a density of 0.08 kg / m2 was deployed above the tree crowns at a height of 3.4 m.Air temperature and relative humidity were determined with a hygrothermometer, and soil moisture was determined by a thermostatic-weight method.It has been found out that an air temperature in the orchard under the black anti-hail net is 0.5 ° C lower without a significant influence of the method of inter-row soil management system. In most cases, the air relative humidity under the net exceeds the rate of the plots without cover, with a maximum difference of 6.4 % for the areas with black fallow in the inter-rows.As compared to the areas without cover, the average air humidity under the net is 1.9% higher and it is 1.2% higher in the areas with black fallow in the inter-rows.The lowest level of soil moisture (9.2%) was recorded in the layer of 0-20 cm in the plots without net with grass mowed inter- rows and herbicide fallow in the tree rows. The soil humidity of the deeper layers is 0.2-3.9% higher in the areas with black fallow in the inter-rows and a light-reflecting film or agro-cloth in the tree-strips (with or without an anti-hail net). In general, soil moisture in the orchard without the net is 0.8% higher than that of the covered areas, it is 0.7% higher in the areas with black fallow in the inter-rows and 2.2-2.8% higher in the around-trunk strips with a light-reflective film or agro-cloth.
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