HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF SELECTION STUDIES AND PROSPECTS OF ROSES' VARIETIES DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The review of references on the distribution of species and varieties of roses of the genus Rosa L. in the world is given, its morphological structure is shown. The selective breeding results of work with roses are analyzed. The main methods and directions in the selection of this culture are given.The review of the references indicates that the morphological characteristics of roses (number of petals, the flower shape and color, the habit of plants etc.), as well as the duration of flowering, have significantly changed due to a long culture and selection. Much attention was paid to the study of the characteristics of the male gametophyte (pollen) and the embryological study of roses.The increase in the requirements for the modern assortment of roses requires the extensive involvement of highly efficient selection methods in breeding practice, based on studies of the hereditary apparatus of plants. The main role of hereditary information carriers belongs to chromosomes, the study of the characteristics of their structure and functioning largely reveals also the patterns of inheritance of the characteristics and properties of plants.Further breeding work with roses should be subordinated to the modern strategy and adaptive selection - the creation of varieties resistant to adverse growing conditions, pests and diseases, that is, much attention should be paid not only to the morphological features, but also to the biological characteristics.Therefore, we have planned the creation of the source material and, on its basis, carrying out hybridization between different breeding groups in order to obtain varieties with the characteristics desired for the breeder, high adaptive ability and decorativeness.