COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIGESTATE AND OTHER ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2310-0478-2025-1-42-48Keywords:
chicken droppings, macroelements, microelements, types of organic fertilizers, mycological analysisAbstract
The number of biogas plants in Ukraine is constantly growing which increases the production of by-products. The biochemical composition of them has not been fully investigated. Digestate samples were collected at Biogas Ladyzhyn, division of Vinnytsia Ptakhofabryka LLC. The analysis of their agrochemical composition was carried out in the certified laboratories of Zakhidnyi Bug PE, Kompania Zemlerob LLC, and Kolos Agrofirma LLC. The analyzes were carried out in accordance with DSTU and the corresponding methodical recommendations. It was established that digestates contain a significant amount of macronutrients and are not inferior to chicken droppings in terms of this indicator. A high content of macro- and micronutrients per dry matter can be valuable for a fertilizer product, taking into account that it needs to be disposed of at a small distance from the biogas plant. Moreover, each batch of digestate is a separate fertilizer that has its own unique macro- and microelement composition and content of organic substances. It requires a preliminary agrochemical analysis and only on its basis the calculations and taking into account the biological features of development and the possible productivity of a certain agricultural crop can determine the permissible application doses. Digestate does not significantly affect the mycological condition of dark grey forest soil, even at high doses of its introduction (30–50 m3/ha), compared with traditional fertilization with aqueous ammonia at a dose of 110 kg/ha of nitrogen. Compared to traditional types of organic fertilizers, poultry dropping digestate can be considered a valuable local complex organo-mineral fertilizer product of local importance for improving plant nutrition and the balance of nutrients in the soil. Currently, there are no restrictions on its implementation as a fertilizer product of organic origin. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research on the maximum doses of its introduction and the efficiency of various technologies of application to agricultural crops.
References
Внутрігосподарський контроль стану ґрунтів (наукові рекомендації); за ред. М. Мірошниченка. Харків : 2023. 121 с.
Волкогон В. В., Надкернична О. В., Токмакова Л. М. та ін. Експериментальна ґрунтова мікробіологія. За ред. В. В. Волкогона. Київ : Аграрна наука, 2010. 464 с.
Господаренко Г. М. Агрохімія. Київ : ТОВ «ТРОПЕА», 2024. 572 с.
ДСТУ 4944:2008 Агрохімікати. Встановлення допустимих концентрацій шкідливих речовин. [Чинний від 2009.01.01]. Kиїв : Держспоживстандарт України, 2009. 8 с.
Шевчук О. В., Господаренко Г. М. Основні характеристики біогазового дигестату з курячого посліду. Зб. наук. пр. Уманського НУС. 2024. Вип. 104. Ч. 1. С. 19–32. DOI: 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-104-1-19-32.
Brozyna M. A., Petersen S. O., Chirinda N., Olesen J. E. Effects of grass-clover management and cover crops on nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide emissions in a stockless organic crop rotation. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2013. 181. Р. 115–126. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013.
Chojnacka K., Moustakas K., Witek-Krowiak A. Bio-based fertilizers: A practical approach towards circular economy. Bioresour. Technol. 2020. 295. 122223.
Demirel B., Scherer P. Trace element requirements of agricultural biogas digesters during biological conversion of renewable biomass to methane. Biomass And Bioenergy. 2011. 35(3). Р. 992–998.
Giacometti C., Mazzon M., Cavani L., Ciavatta C., Marzadori C. A nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin, reduces potential nitrate leaching through soil columns treated with animal slurries and anaerobic digestate. Agronomy. 2020. 10(6). 865.
Karimi B., Sadet-Bourgeteau S., Cannavacciuolo M., Chauvin C., Flamin C., Haumont A., Jean-Baptiste V., Reibel A., Vrignaud G., Ranjard L. Impact of biogas digestates on soil microbiota in agriculture: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2022. 20. Р. 3265–3288. DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01451-8.
Möller K., Müller T. Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth: A review. Engineering in Life Sciences. 2012. 12. Р. 242–257. DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100085.
Odlare M., Pell M., Svensson K. Changes in soil chemical and mi- crobiological properties during 4 years of application of various organic residues. Waste Management. 2008. 28(7). Р. 1246–1253, DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.005.
Petraitytė D. The effect of liquid organic fertilisers on agrocenoses of different winter wheat varieties. Doctoral Dissertation Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy (A 001). Kaunas, 2024. 198 s.
Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 laying down rules on the making available on the market of EU fertilizing products and amending Regulations (EC) No 1069/2009 and (EC) No 1107/2009 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003. Official Journal of the European Union. 2019. URL: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1009/2023-03-16.
Różyło K., Świeca M., Gawlik-dziki U., Andruszczak S., Kwiecińska-poppe E., Kraska P. Phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain after three years’ fertilization with biogas digestate and mineral waste. 2017. Р. 148–159.
Slepetiene A., Volungevicius J., Jurgutis L., Liaudanskiene I., Amaleviciute-Volunge K., Slepetys J., Ceseviciene J. The potential of digestate as a biofertilizer in eroded soils of Lithuania. Waste Management. 2020. 102. Р. 441–451. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.008.
Slepetiene A., Ceseviciene J., Amaleviciute-Volunge K., Mankeviciene A., Parasotas I., Skersiene A., ... Mockeviciene I. Solid and liquid phases of anaerobic digestate for sustainable use of agricultural soil. Sustainability. 2023. 15(2). 1345.
Vivant A. L., Garmyn D., Maron P. A., Nowak V. Piveteau P. Microbial diversity and structure are drivers of the biological barrier effect against Listeria monocytogenes in soil. PLOS ONE. 2013. 8. Р. 1–11. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076991.
Zang Y. F., Hao M. D., Zhang L. Q., Zhang H. Q. Effects of wheat cultivation and fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil basal respiration in 26 years. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2015. No. 35(05). Р. 1445–1451.
Zhang Х. Effects of long-term biogas slurry application on soil properties and crop yield in the North China Plain : Manuscript Thesis for a Doctor Philosophy Degree (PhD): 201. Sumy, 2023. 151 р.
