INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND IRRIGATION ON GROWTH DYNAMICS OF CROP VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE SOUTHERN OF UKRAINE

Abstract

Special attention should be paid to the influence of controllable factors on the development o f different systems stems ears, since they are crucial for the formation of grain productivity of crops. It is therefore important to determine the possibility of influencing the ears o f grain productivity of different systems stems controllable factors, such as seeding rates and methods of sowing.The purpose study was to examine the combined effect of methods of sowing and seeding rates on the level of implementation of the resource potential grain productivity of the main stem of the plant hard spring wheat varieties o f Kharkivska 41 Institute of Plant Industry name after V. Y. Yurieva NAAS of Ukraine.Experiments were conducted during 2007-2010 in accordance with standard methodology. Weather growing seasons of spring wheat crops differ from average long-term indicators as temperature conditions, and the number o f precipitation and their distribution by months. Overall, this contributed to a more complete assessment of the investigated elements of technology of cultivation on the change of a parameter - the mass of grains with ears wheat hard spring.On average, the weight of years of research of grains per ear of spring wheat crop at band method was 0.84 g, with ordinary - 0.81. The regular increase of the mass o f grain ears with a uniform distribution over the area of the nutrition area plant was shown in all years of research.Regression analysis proved the importance of seeding rate variability in grain mass with ear the main stem o f wheat hard spring. To a great extent it is manifested in the ordinary crops, with increasing seeding rate, grain weight of one ear is markedly reduced in the ordinary way of crop options.Weight of grain with ear main stem of the plant had close direct relationship with grain yield (0.975), number of productive spikelet's per spike main stem of the plant (0.962), number of grains per ear and side of the main stems of the plant - 0.996 and 0.934, respectively.Conclusions. Weight of grain with ear main stem of plants of spring wheat is largely determined by the complex influence of seeding rate and sowing method. Band pass sowing method provides more favorable conditions for increasing the mass of grains per ear of wheat plants hard spring that gives the basis for recommending this method sowing for the introduction production.Logical is the fact that reducing the weight of the grain with ear provided a gradual increase in seeding rate. At the same time, while optimizing the distribution of plants over the area of the power that comes with band sowing method, you can neutralize the negative relationship between the mass of the grains of the main stem and seeding rate. With all seeding rates on band pass crops significant difference between the indicators mass of grains of the ear with main stem was not, while ordinary crops increasing seeding rate up to 550 seeds/m2 caused a significant reduction the investigated indicator.