YIELD FORMATION OF VARIOUS SOFT WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AND ITS COMPONENTS UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2021-2-20-30Keywords:
soft winter wheat, individual productivity, variety, fertilizer systems, yieldAbstract
The article presents the yield formation of different soft winter wheat varieties and its components (stem density, tillering coefficient, grain weight and their number in one ear) under different fertilizer systems. The individual productivity of soft winter wheat varies significantly depending on the crop rotation fertilizer system and variety, the effectiveness of which is determined by the weather conditions of the growing season. Stem density, tillering coefficients increase significantly from doses and combinations of mineral fertilizers. Experiment variants with incomplete return to the soil of harvested phosphorus and potassium do not significantly affect the structural components of the crop. Improving the conditions of nitrogen nutrition contributes to increasing the number of productive stems to 520–625 pieces/m2 in KWS Emil variety and up to 243–301 pieces/m2 in Rino variety. Grain weight in one ear of KWS Emil variety is 0.92–1.63 g, and in Rino variety – 1.56–2.45 g. The use of all fertilizer systems significantly increases it in KWS Emil variety, and in Rino variety – phosphorus- potassium fertilizer system and options with complete mineral fertilizer. Similarly, the formation of the grain number and its weight in one ear of both soft winter wheat varieties varies depending on fertilizer systems. Nitrogen-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer systems, in terms of the effect on the formation of grain number in one ear, were at the level of complete mineral fertilizer during the cultivation of both soft winter wheat varieties. Grain yield is most affected by the nitrogen component of the fertilizer system. KWS Emil soft winter wheat has a high reaction to the improvement of nitrogen nutrition and forms a yield of 6.96–7.73 t/ha, depending on the experiment variant. In Rhino variety, the yield increases only to 4.23–5.60 t/ha. Grain yield and efficiency of fertilizer systems varied significantly depending on the weather conditions of the study year. Thus, the grain yield in 2020 was lower than the cultivation of both varieties. The increase in grain yield of KWS Emil variety in 2020 was 1.22–3.13 t/ha, depending on the fertilizer system, and in 2021 – 1.45–3.33 t/ha. During the cultivation of Rino variety, this figure was 0.41-1.78 and 0.51-1.88 t/ha, respectively. In the agricultural technology of soft winter wheat it is necessary to apply 75–150 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P30K40.
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