WAYS AND METHODS OF TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TO AN ORGANIC ONE

Abstract

Expediency of transition of agricultural companies to the production of organic products was grounded, especially in terms of unstable political and economic conditions and also constantly increasing anthropogenic load on the environment.Main factors of influence on the level of efficiency of ecologic methods of agriculture were examined. Peculiarities of determination of efficiency of agricultural production were analyzed, depending on soil and climatic zone, local conditions and traditions, sensitivity of agriculture to the methods of alternative agriculture and sizes of agricultural companies.It is worth noting that energetic efficiency of agricultural production grounded on the ideas o f the domestic scientific school o f physical economy, takes the biggest specific weight in evaluative indicators of comparison of different systems of agriculture. Also main approaches towards definition o f efficiency of farming according to organic principles were examined and also the system of indicators was offered that will give an opportunity to determine the results of agricultural activity during the transition from traditional to organic farming.The structural scheme of indicators of efficiency of farming includes agricultural, economical, social, ecological, energetic and technological efficiency of agricultural production.The regulatory framework was analyzed concerning the procedure o f receiving o f certificate o f accordance to the organic principles. The biggest risks were noted while choosing agro technical methods concerning organic farming. It was also noted that the smallest reduction of yield concerns such cultures as soy, forage legumes and perennial legumes, oats and grain corn are at sm all risk, but their growing will help to decrease loss at the beginning of transition.The author offered algorithm o f transition from traditional system to organic that considers regulatory framework, peculiarities o f Ukrainian mentality and natural conditions, research of Ukrainian scientists. Estimation of ecological condition of soil is an important stage of noted algorithm and possibility of organic farming depends on it. If there is poor state, it is possible to increase safety and ecological state o f product with the help o f transition to the integrated production. Estimation of agrochemical condition o f soil determines the volume o f term o f transition (from 2 to 6 years) and realization o f stabilization activities will decrease the risk during the conversion o f production but at the same time will increase the period o f farming transformation.