VARIABILITY OF TWO-YEARS SIBS AND HALFSIBS APPLE TREES OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES COLLECTION OF VS.M. KRUTOVSKY

Abstract

Are the results o f the study o f the growth o f seed progeny o f Apple obtained by hybridization. Studies were conducted in the Botanical Garden o f them. Vs.M. Krutovsky with trees varieties o f Sharopai (winter maturation, macrocarpa), Antipashaljnoe (winter maturation, with fruits burgundy coloured), Arcad stakanchaty, Golden thorn, Papirovka (early- maturing, high yield), White naliv (macrocarpa, early maturation). The purpose o f the research: selection o f parental pairs for hybridization, selection o f sibs and halfsibs on elements o f early diagnosis, which correlated with macrocarpa and fruits burgundy coloured, indicating that increased plant resistance to disease, pests. The selection o f trees for hybridization was carried out by taking into account the following criteria: late blooming flowers, early ripening; increased productivity, macrocarpa, fruits burgundy coloured. Were measured height, diameter o f the inner barrel near the root, leaf surface area o f seedlings. Was installed the manifestation o f colouring o f the fruit in the offspring on colouring o f leaves, estimating the frequency distribution o f the Pearson x 2 criterion. Two-years families made comparison o f direct and reverse hybridization parental couples as well as families o f the same parent plants with free pollination, by height, diameter o f the inner barrel and the leaf surface area. The level o f variability in two-years sibs and halfsibs families in height, diameter o f the inner barrel -from low to medium, leaf surface area - from medium to high. In the experience, where as the parent trees were taken of Sharopai, the greatest indicators o f sibs by height and diameter o f the inner barrel were after hybridization with tree № 54 varieties o f Papirovka, leaf surface area - tree № 4 o f Arcad stakanchaty. Comparison o f biometric indicators sibs from direct and reverse hybridization was inconsequential. Families o f free crossing o f varieties o f trees Sharopai in most variants had lower values than the family sibs. Experience with using hybridization trees varieties Antipashaljnoe the greatest performance (height, diameter and leaf surface area) were sibs in hybridization with tree 6 Golden thorn. Indicators were lower when the reverse hybridization trees. Differences between families amounted to 12.1% in height, diameter o f the inner barrel - up to 7.3%, leaf surface area -up to 39.7%. The largest biometric indicators were obtained by reverse hybridization tree 76A Antipashaljnoe and 63 Papirovka tree. On the square sheet were select the sibs of 54A White naliv x 52 Antipashaljnoe and halfsibs tree 54A White naliv. The distribution o f sibs and halfsibs o f colouring o f leaves in options with using trees varieties Antipashaljnoe are analyzed: when direct hybridization prevailed burgundy colouring o f leaves (up to 64%), with the reverse -the percentage o f plants with burgundy colour does not exceed 37%.