PARK MONUMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ART OF EAST PODILLYA - CENTERS OF DIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF THE REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL NETWORK

Abstract

In modern conditions, the main objects of preserving the phytocoenic diversity of introduced trees are park- sights of garden-park art. Therefore, preservation and development of garden art objects is always an actual process for the formation of balanced development of regions.The article is devoted to the study of the ecological state of park-monuments of landscape architecture of the Vinnytsia region as objects of conservation of biodiversity. The research was conducted within the network of park-monuments of landscape architecture of the Vinnytsia region of national and local significance. Most parks in the Vinnytsia region are based on natural forest landscapes. The reasons for changing the state of park-monuments of landscape garden art in the region are established. The total area of park-monuments of landscape gardening in the Vinnytsia region is almost 760 hectares or 1.2% of the total area of the nature reserve fund of the region. In the nature reserve fund there are 36 park-monuments of landscape garden art, of which 11 are objects of national and 25 local importance, which are located in 13 administrative districts of the region and the city of Vinnytsia.Based on field studies conducted in the network of park-monuments of landscape gardening in the Vinnytsia region, it has been established that most of them have an unsatisfactory and critical ecological status, which is an important issue for the formation of a regional ecological network. The deterioration of the state of trees is due today to a whole range of natural and anthropogenic factors, among which two groups of reasons can be distinguished: primary is the basis of forest degradation; secondary intensifies the degradation of forest stands. Among the primary causes of degradation and drying of plantations, global warming is of great importance, leading to changes in forestry and ecological conditions and, accordingly, changes in the composition and development of vegetation. The changes associated with the warming of the temperature regime, atmospheric humidity, hydrological regime, and sharp contrast changes in the humidity of the surface layers of the soil are especially dangerous for maple, with their superficial root system, rather demanding for soil moisture. Secondary causes that activate the processes of drying in already weakened plantations include the intense development of phytoworm and the spread of phytophage insects, as well as late or incorrect holding of economic events, as well as factors that have local significance, wind up, snowflakes, and other natural phenomena.