TO THE ISSUE OF ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF NANOPREPARATIONS

Abstract

The rapid introduction o f nanomaterials into agricultural practices not only opens up new prospects, but also bears a threat to natural ecosystems and people. Therefore, the urgent issue is to develope a system o f environmental assessment nanopreparations that will allow justifying regulations o f their use and determine the best environmentally safe rate o f their application to crops.Taking into consideration the peculiarities o f structure and size o f nanoparticles o f the basic components o f nanoagrochemicals registration o f negative changes at the cellular level is relevant, as well as o f its organelles, processes occurring in it. This will enable preventively assess the risks, extrapolate the obtained results to a higher level o f organization o f biological systems and avoid possible negative impacts on the ecosystem level.Results o f the study o f cytotoxic effect on the cells o f Allium cepa L. indicate that the use nanoagrochemicals in doses recommended for agricultural production have led to a decrease o f mitotic activity.Mutations have been reported, caused by the impact o f agrochemicals and were related to flagrant violation o f the structure o f chromosomes, damage o f mitotic spindle and with the change o f behavior o f chromosomes on the spindle.According to the study the application o f the preparation Avatar-1 at all concentrations caused 100% death o f the female parent specimen o f Ceriodphnia. Preparation Nano-Gro in the recommended dose caused the death o f 78% o f the female parent specimen, however, the increase o f the applicable dose was accompanied with a decrease in the number o f dead female parent specimen o f Ceriodaphnia (44%). Preparation Nano-Gro reduced the number o f viable affiliated individuals and the number o f eggs the female laid again if compared to the control. However, the toxic effect o f Nano-Gro was significantly lower compared to the preparation Avatar-1. The use o f the latter, especially in high doses - 4RD (concentration o f 1.00 mg/dm3 ), led to such phenomena as female deaths, birth o f dead offspring, throwing eggs out at different stages o f development, the birth o f the offspring with underdeveloped armor, etc.Ecotoxicological assessment o f the risk o f nanoagrochemicals should not be based only on the study o f dependence "dose­ effect" at the level o f the organism and population, it should include the studies o f the toxic process, starting from the level o f cell and its organelles.